ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This observational, cross-sectional study based aimed to test whether heart failure (HF)-disease management program (DMP) components are influencing care and clinical decision-making in Brazil. METHODS: The survey respondents were cardiologists recommended by experts in the field and invited to participate in the survey via printed form or email. The survey consisted of 29 questions addressing site demographics, public versus private infrastructure, HF baseline data of patients, clinical management of HF, performance indicators, and perceptions about HF treatment. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 98 centers (58% public and 42% private practice) distributed across Brazil. Public HF-DMPs compared to private HF-DMP were associated with a higher percentage of HF-DMP-dedicated services (79% vs 24%; OR: 12, 95% CI: 94-34), multidisciplinary HF (MHF)-DMP [84% vs 65%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-8), HF educational programs (49% vs 18%; OR: 4; 95% CI: 1-2), written instructions before hospital discharge (83% vs 76%; OR: 1; 95% CI: 0-5), rehabilitation (69% vs 39%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-9), monitoring (44% vs 29%; OR: 2; 95% CI: 1-5), guideline-directed medical therapy-HF use (94% vs 85%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 0-15), and less B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) dosage (73% vs 88%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-9), and key performance indicators (37% vs 60%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-7). In comparison to non- MHF-DMP, MHF-DMP was associated with more educational initiatives (42% vs 6%; OR: 12; 95% CI: 1-97), written instructions (83% vs 68%; OR: 2: 95% CI: 1-7), rehabilitation (69% vs 17%; OR: 11; 95% CI: 3-44), monitoring (47% vs 6%; OR: 14; 95% CI: 2-115), GDMT-HF (92% vs 83%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 0-15). In addition, there were less use of BNP as a biomarker (70% vs 84%; OR: 2; 95% CI: 1-8) and key performance indicators (35% vs 51%; OR: 2; 95% CI: 91,6) in the non-MHF group. Physicians considered changing or introducing new medications mostly when patients were hospitalized or when observing worsening disease and/or symptoms. Adherence to drug treatment and non-drug treatment factors were the greatest medical problems associated with HF treatment. CONCLUSION: HF-DMPs are highly heterogeneous. New strategies for HF care should consider the present study highlights and clinical decision-making processes to improve HF patient care.
Subject(s)
Humans , Disease Management , Heart Failure/therapy , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Resumo Fundamento O isolamento elétrico das veias pulmonares é reconhecidamente base fundamental para o tratamento não farmacológico da fibrilação atrial (FA) e, portanto, tem sido recomendado como passo inicial na ablação de FA em todas as diretrizes. A técnica com balão de crioenergia, embora amplamente utilizada na América do Norte e Europa, ainda se encontra em fase inicial em muitos países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Objetivo Avaliar o sucesso e a segurança da técnica de crioablação em nosso serviço, em pacientes com FA paroxística e persistente. Métodos Cento e oito pacientes consecutivos com FA sintomática e refratária ao tratamento farmacológico foram submetidos à crioablação para isolamento das veias pulmonares. Os pacientes foram separados em dois grupos, de acordo com a classificação convencional da FA paroxística (duração de até sete dias) e persistente (FA por mais de sete dias). Dados de recorrência e segurança do procedimento foram analisados respectivamente como desfechos primário e secundário. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados Cento e oito pacientes, com idade média de 58±13 anos, 84 do sexo masculino (77,8%), foram submetidos ao procedimento de crioablação de FA. Sessenta e cinco pacientes apresentavam FA paroxística (60,2%) e 43, FA persistente (39,2%). O tempo médio do procedimento foi de 96,5±29,3 minutos e o tempo médio de fluoroscopia foi de 29,6±11,1 minutos. Foram observadas cinco (4,6%) complicações, nenhuma fatal. Considerando a evolução após os 3 meses iniciais, foram observadas 21 recorrências (19,4%) em período de um ano de seguimento. As taxas de sobrevivência livre de recorrência nos grupos paroxístico e persistente foram de 89,2% e 67,4%, respectivamente. Conclusão A crioablação para isolamento elétrico das veias pulmonares é um método seguro e eficaz para tratamento da FA. Nossos resultados estão consoantes com demais estudos, que sugerem que a tecnologia pode ser utilizada como abordagem inicial, mesmo nos casos de FA persistente. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)
Abstract Background Electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins is recognized as the cornerstone of non-pharmacological treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (AF), and therefore, has been recommended as the first step in AF ablation according to all guidelines. Even though the cryoballoon technology is widely used in North America and Europe, this experience is still incipient in many developing countries such as Brazil. Objective To evaluate initial results regarding success and safety of the new technology in patients with persistent and paroxysmal AF. Methods One hundred and eight consecutive patients with symptomatic AF refractory to pharmacological treatment were submitted to cryoablation for isolation of the pulmonary veins. Patients were separated into two groups according to AF classification: persistent (AF for over one week); or paroxysmal (shorter episodes). Recurrence and procedural safety data were analyzed respectively as primary and secondary outcomes. The level of significance was 5%. Results One hundred and eight patients, with mean age 58±13 years, 84 males (77.8%), underwent cryoablation. Sixty-five patients had paroxysmal AF (60.2%) and 43 had persistent AF (39.2%). The mean time of the procedure was 96.5±29.3 minutes and the mean fluoroscopy time was 29.6±11.1 minutes. Five (4.6%) complications were observed, none fatal. Considering a blanking period of 3 months, 21 recurrences (19.4%) were observed in a one-year follow-up period. The recurrence-free survival rates of AF in the paroxysmal and persistent groups were 89.2% and 67.4%, respectively. Conclusion Cryoablation for electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins is a safe and effective method for the treatment of AF. Our results are consistent with other studies suggesting that this technology can be used as an initial technique even in cases of persistent AF.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Pulmonary Veins/surgery , Atrial Fibrillation/surgery , Catheter Ablation , Cryosurgery , Recurrence , Brazil , Treatment Outcome , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Resumo A infecção pelo coronavírus denominada COVID-19 promoveu crescente interesse de cardiologistas, emergencistas, intensivistas e pesquisadores, pelo estudo do acometimento miocárdico partindo de diferentes formas clínicas decorrentes de desmodulação imunoinflamatória e neuro-humoral.O acometimento miocárdico pode ser mínimo e apenas identificado a partir de alterações eletrocardiográficas, principalmente por aumento de troponinas cardíacas, ou no outro lado do espectro pelas formas de miocardite fulminante e síndrome de takotsubo.A descrição de provável miocardite aguda tem sido comumente apoiada pela observação da troponina elevada em associação com disfunção. A clássica definição de miocardite, respaldada pela biópsia endomiocárdica de infiltrado inflamatório é rara, e foi observada em um único relato de caso até o momento, não se identificando o vírus no interior dos cardiomiócitos.Assim, o fenômeno que se tem documentado é de injúria miocárdica aguda, sendo obrigatório afastar doença coronária obstrutiva a partir da elevação de marcadores de necrose miocárdica, associada ou não à disfunção ventricular, provavelmente associada à tempestade de citoquinas e outros fatores que podem sinergicamente promover lesão miocárdica, tais como hiperativação simpática, hipoxemia, hipotensão arterial e fenômenos trombóticos microvasculares.Fenômenos inflamatórios sistêmicos e miocárdicos após infecção viral estão bem documentados, podendo evoluir para remodelamento cardíaco e disfunção miocárdica. Portanto, será importante a cardiovigilância desses indivíduos para monitorar o desenvolvimento do fenótipo de miocardiopatia dilatada.A presente revisão apresenta os principais achados etiofisiopatológicos, descrição da taxonomia desses tipos de acometimento cardíaco e sua correlação com as principais formas clínicas do componente miocárdico presente nos pacientes na fase aguda de COVID-19.
Abstract Infection with the coronavirus known as COVID-19 has promoted growing interest on the part of cardiologists, emergency care specialists, intensive care specialists, and researchers, due to the study of myocardial involvement based on different clinical forms resulting from immunoinflammatory and neurohumoral demodulation.Myocardial involvement may be minimal and identifiable only by electrocardiographic changes, mainly increased cardiac troponins, or, on the other side of the spectrum, by forms of fulminant myocarditis and takotsubo syndrome.The description of probable acute myocarditis has been widely supported by the observation of increased troponin in association with dysfunction. Classical definition of myocarditis, supported by endomyocardial biopsy of inflammatory infiltrate, is rare; it has been observed in only one case report to date, and the virus has not been identified inside cardiomyocytes.Thus, the phenomenon that has been documented is acute myocardial injury, making it necessary to rule our obstructive coronary disease based on increased markers of myocardial necrosis, whether or not they are associated with ventricular dysfunction, likely associated with cytokine storms and other factors that may synergistically promote myocardial injury, such as sympathetic hyperactivation, hypoxemia, arterial hypotension, and microvascular thrombotic phenomena.Systemic inflammatory and myocardial phenomena following viral infection have been well documented, and they may progress to cardiac remodeling and myocardial dysfunction. Cardiac monitoring of these patients is, therefore, important in order to monitor the development of the phenotype of dilated myocardiopathy.This review presents the main etiological and physiopathological findings, a description of the taxonomy of these types of cardiac involvement, and their correlation with the main clinical forms of the myocardial component present in patients in the acute phase of COVID-19.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus , Pandemics , Myocarditis , Myocardium , Betacoronavirus , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease of genetic origin in the world population, with a prevalence of at least 1/500. The association with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is not uncommon, as it affects approximately 25% of the world population. Most studies aim at the differential diagnosis between these diseases, but little is known about the magnitude of this association. Objective: To compare left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) in HCM patients with and without associated SAH. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study that included 45 patients with HCM and preserved ejection fraction, with diagnosis confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging, including 14 hypertensive patients. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed, with emphasis on left ventricular myocardial strain analysis using GLS. In this study, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Left ventricular strain was significantly lower in hypertensive individuals compared to normotensive individuals (-10.29 ± 2.46 vs. -12.35% ± 3.55%, p = 0.0303), indicating greater impairment of ventricular function in that group. Mean age was also significantly higher in hypertensive patients (56.1 ± 13.9 vs. 40.2 ± 12.7 years, p = 0.0001). Diastolic dysfunction was better characterized in hypertensive patients (p = 0.0242). Conclusion: Myocardial strain was significantly lower in the group of patients with HCM and SAH, suggesting greater impairment of ventricular function. This finding may be related to a worse prognosis with early evolution to heart failure. Prospective studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.
Resumo Fundamentos: A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) é a doença cardíaca de origem genética mais frequente na população mundial, com prevalência de, pelo menos, 1/500. A associação com hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) não é incomum, uma vez que esta acomete aproximadamente 25% da população mundial. A maioria dos estudos objetiva o diagnóstico diferencial entre essas doenças, mas pouco se sabe sobre a magnitude dessa associação. Objetivo: Comparar o strain longitudinal global (SLG) do ventrículo esquerdo em pacientes portadores de CMH com e sem HAS associada. Métodos: Estudo transversal retrospectivo que incluiu 45 pacientes portadores de CMH e fração de ejeção preservada, com diagnóstico confirmado por ressonância magnética, sendo 14 hipertensos. Realizada avaliação ecocardiográfica transtorácica com ênfase na análise da deformação miocárdica do ventrículo esquerdo por meio do SLG. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados: A deformação do ventrículo esquerdo foi significativamente menor nos hipertensos quando comparada aos normotensos (-10,29 ± 2,46 vs. -12,35% ± 3,55%, p = 0,0303), indicando maior comprometimento da função ventricular naquele grupo. A média de idade também foi significativamente maior nos hipertensos (56,1 ± 13,9 vs. 40,2 ± 12,7 anos, p = 0,0001). A disfunção diastólica foi melhor caracterizada nos pacientes hipertensos (p = 0,0242). Conclusão: A deformação miocárdica foi significativamente menor no grupo de pacientes com CMH e HAS, sugerindo maior comprometimento da função ventricular. Esse achado pode estar relacionado a um pior prognóstico com evolução precoce para insuficiência cardíaca. Estudos prospectivos são necessários para confirmar essa hipótese.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/physiopathology , Ventricular Function, Left/physiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Prognosis , Reference Values , Stroke Volume/physiology , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
Currently, the association between obesity and heart failure (HF) is increasingly known. Patients with advanced obesity who suffer from HF without an identifiable cause can be diagnosed as having obesity-associated cardiomyopathy. Although data suggest that obesity may reduce mortality in HF, weight loss, especially in the presence of morbid obesity, reduces symptoms and improves the quality of life of those patients. Bariatric surgery is the major treatment available for sustained weight loss in morbid obesity. Observational studies have demonstrated an improvement in ventricular structure and function of morbidly obese patients with HF who underwent that procedure. Thus, despite the risks, bariatric surgery should be considered for patients with HF, because of its potential for reducing associated comorbidities and improving quality of life and functional capacity, in addition to making eligible for heart transplantation those excluded due to high body mass index
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Treatment Outcome , Bariatric Surgery , Heart Failure , Obesity , Quality of Life , Stroke Volume , Coronary Artery Disease , Body Mass Index , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular , Abdominal Circumference , Heart VentriclesABSTRACT
Malnutrition is associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). Thus, it is essential to apply reliable indicators to assess the nutritional status of these individuals. Objective: To evaluate the thickness of the adductor pollicis muscle (APM) in patients with HF as an indicator of somatic protein status and correlate the obtained values with conventionally used parameters and electrical bioimpedance (EBI) markers. Methods: Cross-sectional study with patients with HF undergoing regular outpatient treatment. APM thickness was measured in the dominant arm, and the values obtained were classified according to gender and age. The anthropometric parameters assessed included the body mass index (BMI) and specific parameters to assess the muscle (arm muscle circumference [AMC] and arm muscle area [AMA]). Values of phase angle (PA), standard PA (SPA), and lean mass were obtained by EBI. Statistical analyses were performed with the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 19, using unpaired Student's t, Mann-Whitney, or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests for comparisons between groups, as appropriate. The correlation between variables of interest was performed using Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficient, as adequate. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: About 70% of the 74 patients evaluated were classified as malnourished according to the APM thickness. Values of AMC, AMA, and lean mass correlated positively with APM thickness (p < 0.005). The APM thickness also correlated positively with PA and SPA (r = 0.49, p < 0.001 and r = 0.31, p = 0.008, respectively). Conclusion: Patients with HF presented a high frequency of protein malnutrition when APM thickness was used as an indicator of nutritional status. APM thickness values correlated with conventional measures of somatic protein evaluation and may be related to the prognosis of these patients, since they correlated positively with PA and SPA
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Nutrition Assessment , Malnutrition/mortality , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Thumb , Body Mass Index , Sex Factors , Anthropometry , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Analysis of Variance , Age Factors , InflammationABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with sudden death (SD). Myocardial fibrosis is reportedly correlated with SD. Objective: We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis, updating the risk markers (RMs) in HCM emphasizing myocardial fibrosis. Methods: We reviewed HCM studies that addressed severe arrhythmic outcomes and the certain RMs: SD family history, severe ventricular hypertrophy, unexplained syncope, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) on 24-hour Holter monitoring, abnormal blood pressure response to exercise (ABPRE), myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in the MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO databases. We used relative risks (RRs) as an effect measure and random models for the analysis. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Twenty-one studies were selected (14,901 patients aged 45 ± 16 years; men, 62.8%). Myocardial fibrosis was the major RISK MARKER (RR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.95-6.03). The other RMs, except for LVOTO, were also predictors: SD family history (RR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.39-2.20), severe ventricular hypertrophy (RR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.26-2.74), unexplained syncope (RR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.69-3.07), NSVT (RR, 2.79; 95% CI, 2.29-3.41), and ABPRE (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.08). Conclusions: We confirmed the association of myocardial fibrosis and other RMs with severe arrhythmic outcomes in HCM and emphasize the need for new prediction models in managing these patients.
Resumo Fundamento: A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) está associada à morte súbita (MS). A fibrose miocárdica está supostamente correlacionada à MS. Objetivo: Realizamos uma revisão sistemática com metanálise, atualizando os marcadores de risco (MR) em CMH enfatizando a fibrose miocárdica. Métodos: Revisamos estudos de CMH que abordaram desfechos arrítmicos graves e certos MR: história familiar de MS, hipertrofia ventricular grave, síncope inexplicada, taquicardia ventricular não sustentada (TVNS) na monitorização com Holter de 24 horas, resposta anormal da pressão arterial ao exercício (ABPRE), fibrose miocárdica e obstrução da via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (VSVE) nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO. Utilizamos os riscos relativos (RRs) como uma medida de efeito e modelos aleatórios para a análise. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em p < 0,05. Resultados: Vinte e um estudos foram selecionados (14.901 pacientes com idade de 45 ± 16 anos; homens, 62,8%). A fibrose miocárdica foi o principal MARCADOR DE RISCO (RR, 3,43; IC95%, 1,95-6,03). Os outros MR, exceto obstrução da VSVE, também foram preditores: história familiar de MS (RR, 1,75; IC95%, 1,39-2,20), hipertrofia ventricular grave (RR, 1,86; IC95%, 1,26-2,74), síncope inexplicada (RR, 2,27; IC95%, 1,69-3,07), TVNS (RR, 2,79; IC95%, 2,29-3,41) e ABPRE (RR, 1,53; IC95%, 1,12-2,08). Conclusões: Confirmamos a associação de fibrose miocárdica e outros MR com desfechos arrítmicos graves na CMH e enfatizamos a necessidade de novos modelos de previsão no manejo desses pacientes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/complications , Odds Ratio , Risk Factors , Observational Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation has become an option for high-surgical-risk patients with aortic valve disease. Objective: To evaluate the in-hospital and one-year follow-up outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Methods: Prospective cohort study of transcatheter aortic valve implantation cases from July 2009 to February 2015. Analysis of clinical and procedural variables, correlating them with in-hospital and one-year mortality. Results: A total of 136 patients with a mean age of 83 years (80-87) underwent heart valve implantation; of these, 49% were women, 131 (96.3%) had aortic stenosis, one (0.7%) had aortic regurgitation and four (2.9%) had prosthetic valve dysfunction. NYHA functional class was III or IV in 129 cases (94.8%). The baseline orifice area was 0.67 ± 0.17 cm2 and the mean left ventricular-aortic pressure gradient was 47.3±18.2 mmHg, with an STS score of 9.3% (4.8%-22.3%). The prostheses implanted were self-expanding in 97% of cases. Perioperative mortality was 1.5%; 30-day mortality, 5.9%; in-hospital mortality, 8.1%; and one-year mortality, 15.5%. Blood transfusion (relative risk of 54; p = 0.0003) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (relative risk of 5.3; p = 0.036) were predictive of in-hospital mortality. Peak C-reactive protein (relative risk of 1.8; p = 0.013) and blood transfusion (relative risk of 8.3; p = 0.0009) were predictive of 1-year mortality. At 30 days, 97% of patients were in NYHA functional class I/II; at one year, this figure reached 96%. Conclusion: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation was performed with a high success rate and low mortality. Blood transfusion was associated with higher in-hospital and one-year mortality. Peak C-reactive protein was associated with one-year mortality.
Resumo Fundamento: O implante de válvula aórtica por cateter tornou-se uma opção para pacientes com doença valvar aórtica de elevado risco cirúrgico. Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados dos seguimentos intra-hospitalar e de até 1 ano do implante de válvula aórtica por cateter. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectiva de casos de implante de válvula aórtica por cateter entre julho de 2009 e fevereiro de 2015. Análise de variáveis clínicas e do procedimento, correlacionando com mortalidade intra-hospitalar e de 1 ano. Resultados: Foram submetidos ao implante 136 pacientes, com média de idade de 83 (80-87) anos, sendo 49% mulheres, 131 (96,3%) deles com estenose aórtica, um (0,7%) com insuficiência aórtica e quatro (2,9%) com disfunção de prótese. A classe funcional da NYHA foi III ou IV em 129 (94,8%) casos. A área valvar inicial foi 0,67 ± 0,17 cm2 e o gradiente ventrículo esquerdo-aorta médio de 47,3 ± 18,2 mmHg, com STS de 9,3% (4,8%-22,3%). As próteses implantadas eram autoexpansíveis em 97% dos casos. A mortalidade peroperatória em 1,5% dos casos; em 30 dias em 5,9%; intra-hospitalar em 8,1%; e após 1 ano em 15,5% dos casos. A hemotransfusão (risco relativo de 54; p = 0,0003) e a hipertensão arterial pulmonar (risco relativo de 5,3; p = 0,036) foram preditoras de mortalidade hospitalar; e a proteína C-reativa pico (risco relativo de 1,8; p = 0,013) e a hemotransfusão (risco relativo de 8,3; p = 0,0009) de mortalidade em 1 ano. Aos 30 dias, 97% dos pacientes estavam em classe NYHA I/II e, em 1 ano, o número chegou a 96%. Conclusão: O implante de válvula aórtica por cateter foi realizado com alto índice de sucesso e baixa mortalidade. A hemotransfusão associou-se com maior mortalidade hospitalar e de 1 ano. Proteína C-reativa pico se associou com a mortalidade de 1 ano.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Aortic Valve/surgery , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery , Hospital Mortality , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/mortality , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/epidemiology , Aortic Valve Stenosis/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Time Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic MethodsABSTRACT
Fundamentos: A insuficiência cardíaca é a via final comum da maioria das doenças que acometem o coração, considerada um dos mais importantes desafios clínicos atuais na área da saúde. Evidências epidemiológicas demonstram cada vez mais a associação entre síndrome metabólica e presença de alterações cardiovasculares, já que, de forma independente, os fatores de risco que estão relacionados à insuficiência cardíaca são os mesmos que compõe a síndrome metabólica, contribuindo, substancialmente, para o aumento da morbimortalidade cardiovascular. Objetivo: Avaliar a presença de síndrome metabólica em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca crônica, atendidos em clínica de insuficiência cardíaca. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal que avaliou pacientes portadores de insuficiência cardíaca crônica, atendidos na Clínica de insuficiência cardíaca de Hospital Universitário. A coleta de dados compreendeu aavaliação antropométrica, clínica e bioquímica. O diagnóstico de síndrome metabólica foi estabelecido peloscritérios da International Diabetes Federation. Resultados: Foram avaliados 90 pacientes, sendo 51% (n=46) do sexo masculino, com média de idade de62,7±12,3 anos. O estudo identificou elevada frequência de síndrome metabólica (71%; n=64) correlacionando-se significativamente com o aumento do índice de massa corporal (p<0,001). Ao comparar os grupos, observou-seque o diabetes mellitus foi significativamente mais frequente no grupo com síndrome metabólica (p<0,001). Conclusão: Os indivíduos portadores de insuficiência cardíaca apresentaram elevada frequência de síndrome metabólica, sendo o diabetes mellitus a alteração mais frequente no grupo com síndrome metabólica.
Background: Heart failure is the final common pathway of most diseases involving the heart. It is considered one of the most important current clinical challenges in health care. Epidemiological evidence increasingly demonstrates the association between metabolic syndrome and the presence of cardiovascular disorders, since, in an independent manner, risk factors related to heart failure are the same that comprise metabolic syndrome, substantially contributing to the increase of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.Objective: To evaluate the presence of metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic heart failure assisted in the heart failure service. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated patients with chronic heart failure treated at the heart failure Clinic of a University Hospital. Data collection included anthropometric, clinical and biochemistry evaluation. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was established by the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Results: The study evaluated 90 patients, including 51% (n=46) males with a mean age of 62.7±12.3 years. The study found ahigh frequency of metabolic syndrome (71%; n=64) correlating significantly with increased body mass index (p<0.001). By comparing the two groups, it was observed that diabetes mellitus was significantly more frequent in patients with metabolic syndrome (p<0.001). Conclusion: Individuals with heart failure showed high frequency of metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus was the most frequent alteration in the group with metabolic syndrome.